Thyroid is a small organ known to secretes hormones that play a vital role in various functions of our body. The improper or abnormal functioning of the thyroid gland can adversely impact our body. In this article, we will explain on can thyroid cause high blood pressure.
The thyroid is a gland which is located in the neck and produces hormones that regulate bodily functions. The thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) play a crucial role in maintaining the body’s metabolic rate, heart rate, and body temperature.
They also help regulate the body’s use of energy and play a role in the development and function of the brain and nervous system. An imbalance in the levels of thyroid hormones can result in various disorders, such as hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid).
1. Significance of Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland produces hormones which helps in regulating various body functionalities. Thyroid hormones regulate the body’s metabolic rate, which determines how quickly the body uses energy and how fast it burns calories. In other words, thyroid gland plays contributes immensely towards the way your body looks. A malfunctioning thyroid gland may make you gain weight.
Thyroid hormones help regulate heart rate and the amount of blood pumped by the heart with each heartbeat. Thyroid hormones are crucial in development of the central nervous system in our children. Thyroid hormones can affect mood and energy levels, and imbalances in thyroid hormone levels can lead to fatigue, depression, and other symptoms. Thyroid hormones play a role in maintaining bone health and preventing osteoporosis.
2. Thyroid Related Disorders
Several thyroid-related disorders affect the functioning of the thyroid gland and lead to imbalances in the levels of thyroid hormones in the body. To understand the question ‘can thyroid cause high blood pressure’, we shall first discuss various thyroid hormone-related disorders. Some common thyroid disorders are enumerated below.
2.1 Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a serious medical condition. The thyroid gland here fails to secrete sufficient thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones play a significant role in regulating metabolism, and when we have a deficiency, it results in various symptoms and health problems. The following symptoms of hypothyroidism are common in Hypothyroidism:
2.1.1 Fatigue
People with hypothyroidism often feel tired, even after sleeping through the night. Even with a sufficient amount of rest, your body feels worn out.
2.1.2 Weight Gain
Hypothyroidism can cause weight gain as the metabolism slows down and fewer reduction of calories.
2.1.3 Cold Intolerance
People with hypothyroidism often feel cold, even when others are comfortable.
2.1.4 Dry Skin
This condition can cause dry epidermis and weak hair. There are also chances of developing a dry scalp.
2.1.5 Constipation
Hypothyroidism can slow down the digestive system and more the chances of constipation.
2.1.6 Depression
People with hypothyroidism may experience depression, sadness, or irritability more often.
Hypothyroidism is usually diagnosed Thyroid check through a blood level to measure levels of thyroid in the body. It is to be diagnosed with a daily dose of synthetic thyroid hormone, known as levothyroxine, which can help restore normal levels of thyroid hormones and improve symptoms.
2.2 Hyperthyroidism
In Hyperthyroidism, the Thyroid gland malfunctions by secreting thyroids at levels more than the normal. Thyroid glands that regulate the body’s metabolism are affected and can cause various health problems. Common symptoms of hyperthyroidism are similar to that of hypothyroidism and include the following:
2.2.1 Rapid Heartbeat
Hyperthyroidism can result in an increased and rapid heartbeat due to increased blood pressure.
2.2.2 Weight Loss
Despite an increased appetite, people with hyperthyroidism often experience weight loss as the metabolism is accelerated. This is because of hormone production.
2.2.3 Heat/ Cold Intolerance
People with hyperthyroidism often feel hot, even in colder environments.
2.2.4 Sweating
Hyperthyroidism can cause excessive sweating, especially at night. It can also cause sweating when you are at rest.
2.2.5 Nervousness
People with hyperthyroidism may feel anxious, nervous, or jittery.
2.2.6 Muscle Weakness
Hyperthyroidism can cause muscle weakness, especially in the legs and is also known to cause heart failure due to reduced heart rate.
Hyperthyroidism is usually diagnosed through a simple blood test to measure the levels of thyroid hormones in the body. Muscle weakness is cured with medications that slackens the secretion of thyroid, surgical removal of the glad, or radiation therapy. A regular medical check-up is a must to know the progress.
2.3 Goiter
The size of the thyroid gland can vary for many reasons, including an underlying thyroid disorder such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Goiter can also occur due to a deficiency of iodine in the diet, an essential nutrient needed to ensure the secretion of thyroid hormones.
A goiter can be noticeable as a swelling in the neck, especially when the person swallows or tilts their head back. In some cases, a goiter may cause pressure on the windpipe, causing difficulty breathing or swallowing. In other cases, a goiter may not cause any symptoms and may be discovered incidentally during a routine medical exam.
Goiter is detected through a physical exam, which may include a feeling of the neck for any swelling or lumps, and a blood test to measure the levels of thyroid hormones in the body. In some cases, additional tests such as an ultrasound or biopsy are required to determine the cause of the goiter and guide treatment. Treatment for goiter may include medications to regulate thyroid hormone levels, iodine supplementation, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland, depending on the underlying cause.
2.4 Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Subclinical hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is underactive, but the levels of thyroid hormone in the blood are still within the normal range. The symptoms of subclinical hypothyroidism are usually mild or absent, but the condition can still have an impact on the body. So, can the thyroid cause high blood pressure? Read on to understand.
Some of the effects of subclinical hypothyroidism include the following:
2.4.1 Increased Risk of Heart Disease
Increased risk of heart diseases and cardiovascular problems are common occurrences of subclinical hypothyroidism.
2.4.2 Fatigue and Weakness
People with subclinical hypothyroidism may experience fatigue, weakness, and difficulty concentrating.
2.4.3 Elevated Cholesterol Levels
Subclinical hypothyroidism can raise cholesterol levels, which increases the risk of heart disease and stroke due to weakened heart muscle.
2.4.4 Depression and Mood Changes
People with subclinical hypothyroidism may experience depression and mood changes, although the link between the two is not fully understood.
2.4.5 Reduced Cognitive Function
Subclinical hypothyroidism has been linked to a decline in cognitive function and memory in people affected by a health problem.
2.5 Thyroid Nodules
Thyroid nodules are relatively common and can be felt as a lump in the neck or discovered incidentally on a medical imaging test.
Not all thyroid nodules are cancerous, but some may be malignant (cancerous). Most thyroid nodules are benign (non-cancerous), and the cause is often unknown. Common causes of benign thyroid nodules include how old the person is, iodine deficiency and genetic issues.
It is more common for them to develop thyroid nodules with oldage. A iodine deficiency can result in Thyroid Nodules and enlargement of Thyroid. A family history of thyroid disease or thyroid nodules may increase the risk of developing thyroid nodules.
2.6 Thyroiditis
Thyroiditis is swelling up of the gland that secretes Thyroidal hormones. There are many types of thyroiditis with a varying cause and symptom. The three common symptoms of thyroiditis are as follows: –
2.6.1 Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
It is an autoimmunity disease which causes the bodies White Blood Cells and associated immunity systems to damage its own thyroid gland and causes swelling of Thyroid. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is known to result in body developing hypothyroidism.
2.6.2 Subacute Thyroiditis (De Quervain’s Thyroiditis)
It is a type of thyroiditis that causes sudden pain and swelling in the neck, along with other symptoms such as fever and fatigue. The pain and swelling usually resolve within a few weeks to months, but the thyroid gland may become temporarily overactive (hyperthyroid) before becoming underactive (hypothyroid).
2.6.3 Acute Thyroiditis
It is a rare type of thyroiditis that causes sudden and severe pain in the neck, along with other symptoms such as fever and difficulty swallowing. Acute thyroiditis usually resolves within a few weeks, but the thyroid gland may become temporarily overactive (hyperthyroid) before becoming underactive (hypothyroid).
Thyroiditis is diagnosed through a physical exam, which include a feeling of the neck for any swelling or lumps, and a blood test to measure the levels of thyroid hormones in the body. Treatment for thyroiditis depends on the underlying cause and the results of diagnostic tests but may include medications to regulate thyroid hormone levels, or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
2.7 Thyroid Cancer
There are different types of thyroid cancer. Some of the common thyroid cancers are as follows:
2.7.1 Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common cancer, accounting for about 80% of all cases. It usually grows slowly and is often curable with treatment.
2.7.2 Follicular Thyroid Cancer
This type of thyroid cancer accounts for about 10-15% of all cases and often grows more slowly than other types of thyroid cancer.
2.7.3 Medullary Thyroid Cancer
This type of thyroid cancer is less common and accounts for about 3-5% of all cases. It often runs in families and is associated with a genetic mutation.
2.7.4 Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
It is a rare and aggressive form of thyroid cancer but is also a rare type that only accounts for less than 5%. Thyroid cancer is diagnosed through a physical exam, which may include a feeling of the neck for any swelling or lumps, and a blood test to measure the levels of thyroid hormones in the body. In some cases, apart from the blood test, few advanced tests such as an ultrasound or biopsy may be envisaged.
3. Hypertension (Blood Pressure)
Also known as high blood pressure, is a world wide health issue. It is a life-threatening medical condition. The increased blood pressure in the blood vessel can result in heart and organ failures.
Blood pressure can cause cardiovascular disease and uncontrolled hypertension as it directly raises blood pressure regulation and blood flowing throughout the body. Both primary hypertension and secondary hypertension are life-threatening conditions.
Hypertension is a risk factor for several severe medical conditions like cardiovascular system disorders like heart muscle disease, heart attack, heart failure and stroke, and kidney failure. It is a silent condition, meaning it often has no visible symptoms. So, it should be a priority for individuals to check their BP at a periodic interval.
Lifestyle changes, such as reducing salt intake, losing weight, and engaging in regular physical activity, can help control blood pressure, and medication may be necessary in some cases.
3.1 Types of Blood Pressure
There are three types of blood pressure. They are systolic, diastolic and secondary blood pressure. Details of these types are enumerated below.
3.1.1 Systolic Blood Pressure
Elevated BP is the pressure measured in the arteries when the heart pushes blood out into the arteries. A normal systolic blood pressure for a male should be less than 120 mm of Hg. High systolic blood pressure is a reading of more than 130 mm of Hg. Systolic blood pressure can be affected by many factors, including age, physical activity level, stress, and diet. People with high systolic blood pressure may need to make lifestyle changes and take medication to lower their blood pressure and reduce the risk of health problems
3.1.2 Diastolic Blood Pressure
It is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest, between beats. Blood pressure is recorded as two numbers, such as 120/80 mmHg.
A diastolic pressure is defined as a reading of less than 80 mm of Hg. High blood pressure is defined as a systolic pressure of 130 mmHg or higher and a diastolic blood pressure of greater than 80 mmHg.
3.1.3 Secondary Hypertension
Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure that is result of another medical disorder or use of certain medications. This type of hypertension is less common than primary hypertension.
Kidney problems can cause hypertension. Hormonal imbalances, such as those caused by an overactive adrenal gland (hyperaldosteronism) or a tumour of the adrenal gland (pheochromocytoma), can increase blood pressure.
Sleep apnea is a sleeping issue that results spikes in blood pressure during the night. Intake of certain medications, including birth control pills, decongestants, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can induce high blood pressure.
Alcohol, cocaine, and other drugs can also raise blood pressure. In addition, atherosclerosis is the hardening and narrowing of the blood vessel walls of arteries that can restrict blood flow and increase arterial blood pressure. Congenital heart disease, that is, certain heart conditions, such as aortic stenosis, can increase blood pressure.
Diagnosing secondary hypertension involves a thorough medical evaluation, including a review of symptoms, medical history, and use of medications, as well as diagnostic tests such as blood tests, urinalysis, and imaging studies. Treating the underlying cause of secondary hypertension for managing blood pressure and reducing the risk of heart disease and other complications.
3.2 Causes of Blood Pressure
3.2.1 Genetics
A family history of high blood pressure can increase a person’s risk of developing the condition. Some specific genetic variations have been linked to an increased risk of developing hypertension, although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood.
3.2.2 Lifestyle Factors
Poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can all contribute to high blood pressure. Weight gain can also adversely affect blood pressure and heart muscle.
3.2.3 Age
The risk of high blood pressure proportionally increases with age. The exact reasons for this are not well understood, but factors such as changes in the blood vessels and heart and the natural ageing process can play a role.
In general, blood pressure levels tend to rise gradually after age 40 and continue to increase with ageing. It can increase the risk of developing high blood pressure and cause heart and kidney disease.
3.2.4 Chronic Medical Conditions
Health issues such as diabetes, heart and kidney disease, and a higher level of cholesterol can increase the risk of high blood pressure. Some medications, including birth control pills and over-the-counter pain relievers, can also increase blood pressure.
3.2.5 Sodium Intake
Consuming large amounts of salt (sodium) can increase blood pressure. Thyroid medication is also known to result in increased aortic stiffness and blood pressure.
Many factors can cause high blood pressure which are lifestyle related. It is therefore important to change lifestyle changes as a cure for it.
3.3 Symptoms of Hypertension
Many people with high blood pressure do not know they have it, as it can be present for years without causing any symptoms. However, in some cases, high blood pressure can cause the following symptoms:
3.3.1 Headaches
High blood pressure can cause headaches, particularly in the temples, back of the head, or neck.
3.3.2 Blurred Vision
Blurred vision can be a symptom of high blood pressure (hypertension). High blood pressure can result in blurred vision due to damage in blood vessels. In severe cases, uncontrolled high blood pressure can cause more serious eye problems, such as vision loss.
3.3.3 Chest Pain
Chest pain or tightness can occur in some people with high blood pressure, especially if it is caused by heart disease or a blood clot. Chest pain can be a symptom of high blood pressure (hypertension), although this is relatively rare. High blood pressure is called “silent killer” because of being asymptomatic.
However, uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the blood vessels and heart over time, increasing the risk of heart disease and other health problems. Chest pain can be a symptom of these underlying conditions, such as heart attack, angina, or aortic aneurysm.
3.3.4 Fatigue
High blood pressure can cause feelings of fatigue, especially if it is not well-controlled. Fatigue may be considered as a symptom of hypertension. Fatigue can be a symptom of other major health issues like failure of heart or kidney or both.
3.3.5 Nosebleeds
High blood pressure can cause frequent nosebleeds, as the force of the blood against the blood vessels in the nose can cause them to rupture. So have your blood pressure levels checked by your doctor regularly.
3.4 Effect of Hypertension
High blood pressure (hypertension) can also lead to several serious health problems, including the following :
3.4.1 Heart and Kidney Disease
Hypertension can damage the heart and blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart attack, heart failure, and stroke. High blood pressure is a major medical cause of stroke. Stroke happens when blood flow to the brain is not smooth due to blocked blood veins. Hypertension is also known to d0 harm to the kidneys and result in failure or malfunctioning of the organ.
3.4.2 Cognitive Decline and Dementia
Hypertension in midlife has been linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia in older age. Aneurysm Hypertension can cause weak spots in blood vessels to form aneurysms, which can rupture and cause internal bleeding.
3.4.3 Peripheral Artery Disease
Hypertension can narrow and harden the arteries, leading to peripheral artery disease and reduced blood flow to the legs and feet.
Treating and controlling hypertension is necessary for reducing the risk of health problems. It may involve lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, increasing physical activity, quitting smoking and taking medications as prescribed.
4. Can Thyroid Cause High Blood Pressure?
Thyroid hormones play a role in regulating heart rate and blood pressure, and imbalances in thyroid function can affect these physiological processes.
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which gland produces too little thyroid. This will result in low blood pressure. On the other hand, hyperthyroidism is a severe condition in which the gland produces abnormal levels thyroid which can causes high blood pressure.
In both cases, treating the underlying thyroid condition can help restore normal blood pressure levels. However, in some cases, the high or low blood pressure may persist even after the thyroid problem is treated, and medication may be needed to manage blood pressure.
It is important to have regular check-ups with your doctor to monitor both your thyroid function and blood pressure and to make any necessary adjustments to your treatment plan.
In some cases, treatment for thyroid disorders, such as medication for hypothyroidism, can also impact blood pressure. Regular monitoring of blood pressure is important for individuals with thyroid disorders, and treatment for blood pressure imbalances may be necessary and may need to be adjusted in conjunction with thyroid treatment. Individuals with thyroid disorders need to discuss any changes in their blood pressure with their healthcare provider.
4.1 Effective Treatment for Hypertension
Treatment for hypertension (high blood pressure) depends on the severity of the condition, the presence of other health problems, and individual patient needs. Some common treatment options include following
Making healthy lifestyle choices, such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, and reducing stress, can help to lower blood pressure and manage symptoms.
Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and numerous other medications are used to treat hypertension. A combination of medications may be required to lower blood pressure to desired levels.
Regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare provider are important to monitor blood pressure levels, assess the effectiveness of the treatment, and make any necessary adjustments if required.
In some cases, such as for certain types of secondary hypertension, surgery may be recommended to treat the cause of high blood pressure.
New treatments for hypertension, including lifestyle and pharmacological approaches, are being researched and may be available through clinical trials.
So, Can the thyroid cause high blood pressure? The answer is yes. So let us now discuss effective treatment to cure hypertension. Some common treatments include:
Hypothyroidism is treated using levothyroxine. It is a Thyroid S4 in synthetic form. For hyperthyroidism, antithyroid drugs or radioactive iodine can help to slow down the production of thyroid hormones.
For certain thyroid cancers, hormone therapy may be recommended to suppress the production of thyroid hormones and prevent cancer from growing.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management, can help to manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications related to thyroid-related disorders.
Monitoring and follow-up: Regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare provider are important to monitor the progress of treatment and make any necessary adjustments.
Final Note
Can thyroid cause high blood pressure? We have discovered that the thyroid can cause high blood pressure. Blood pressure is a silent killer which has resulted in the several deaths. A proper cure for blood pressure is not available through blood pressure medications. However, it is important to change our lifestyle to prevent uncontrolled blood pressure and live a healthy life.
Both hypertension and thyroid diseases are life threatening and require adequate medical attention. Consult with your doctor and discuss effective treatment if you are diagnosed with either of the diseases. Changing your life style is considered most effective. Avoid drinking and smoking. Eat balanced diet and include leafy vegetables and fruits as part of your meat. Do not forget taking thyroid medication in consultation with the doctor. As mentioned early, these medications can lead to many medical conditions and therefore will entail close monitoring for blood pressure.
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